How to Start an Online Bank from Scratch?

The prospect of starting an online bank from the ground up is scary because we always imagine how much it will cost to get every small facet in the right place. 

But when working with digital banks, you don’t need to worry about building offices and vaults. All you need is a valid license, top-notch funding, proper planning, and timely execution to build a bank that customers will want to use. 

A quick overview of digital banking

According to research by Insider Intelligence, 18% of the US population (48 million people) will start banking exclusively with digital banks by 2024. Data from Research and Markets shows that the global neo-banking CAGR will increase by 45% in 2025.

Source: Research and Markets

In the global neobanking market, enterprise applications account for over 52% of the global revenue, which is about 47.4 billion USD. This signifies a lot of promise for digital banking.

As the trend continues to sway towards contactless banking, fintech companies will rely more on personalization, data analysis, and deep learning to improve their services and remain competitive. Some banks will have to deliver the banking experience as an ecosystem of value-laden products and digital banking services.

Also, banks will collect biometric data from their consumers to provide more secure services. These technologies could replace SIM cards, token drives, and pin codes.

What you should know when starting a digital bank

Banking is a tightly regulated sector that maintains a high bar of entry for prospective entrepreneurs. Before you create a digital bank, you need to understand how the industry works and the key considerations to bear in mind. 

Funding

You need money to start a digital retail bank — a lot of money. And this is the first barrier to entry for anybody venturing into banking services. 

Before you kickstart your project, ensure to secure a reliable source of funding. Regulators will have to evaluate your capital potential before granting you a license to build a digital bank.

Common sources of funding for digital banks include angel investors, venture capital, borrowed funds, deposits, and shareholders’ money.

Customers 

Once you’ve sorted the funding, you still need to figure out the prospective customers for your neobank. Conduct extensive research to determine the user demographics from which you can predict the customer’s journey with your potential product and digital banking services.

Internal administration

Dedicate enough time to define roles within the team. Start with administrative tasks and work your way down to risk management. Address the following questions: 

• Who must I have on the team? 
• How many managers do I need?
• Who will become part of the board?
• Who will handle all risks and conflicts?

Answering these questions will help you establish a clear-cut hierarchy within your organization.

Technology stack

You’ll need to factor in technology considerations for online banking in the early stages. Before finalizing your development ideas and assembling a team, confirm that your company has the required technology stack to build a secure digital banking platform. 

Don’t forget to determine if your team understands compliance regulations within the banking sector. If not, consider outsourcing the development process to certified digital banking platform providers.

Essential features

Since your online banking will not have any physical branches, you must build features to replicate the feeling of a “traditional” bank online. Some key components of a standard digital bank in 2022 include:

• Personal finance manager
• Mobile banking
• Digital wallet
• Automated payments
• Discounts and loyalty programs
• Alerts and push notifications
• Automated savings.

Watch the SDK.finance Platform’s demo video to explore the system functionality and simplify transaction management via one powerful Platform:

You can take advantage of digital banking technology to add more features to your mobile banking platform or pay attention to the features of popular neobanks like Revolut.

Monetization

Regardless of the purpose of creating the core banking system, you owe your investors and board members a duty to make returns on their investment. 

That said, you must figure out ways to generate income from the core banking systems. The following monetization models can work for your digital banking platform:

1. Premium membership with advanced features like travel insurance, better saving rates, and VIP treatment.
2. Interest on every transaction and loan payment.
3. Commissions on every transaction, which is the primary source of income for most neobanks. 

Note: Some young banks use the zero-commission play to attract users, but this strategy is not sustainable in the long run.

How to start an online bank?

When you build an online bank, you need to follow a systematic approach to ensure it meets all industry requirements. 

Follow these steps to learn how to start an online bank:

Identify the target audience

Before you start a digital bank, conduct in-depth market research to find out who will use the bank. 

• Is the target demo young people or senior citizens?
• Should the bank’s core operations focus on loans and credit?

Understanding the digital banking platform’s potential users will help you develop user personas from which developers and designers can build a market-relevant product. 

Also, you must understand that only 25% of the global population (1.9 billion people) uses any form of digital banking. Since many people still distrust branchless banks, you can only convince them to use your platform by creating awareness and showing transparency.

Apply for licensing

Sometimes, owners prefer to obtain the license for their product before they start building it, but this process is never straightforward. 

Here are three license categories for digital banks:

• Full banking licenses for general digital banking activities.
• International banking licenses, which allow only offshore banking operations.
• Non-banking financial institution (NBFI) licenses for companies that provide financial services but without the same regulatory scrutiny as full-scale banks.
• Acting under the licenses from existing traditional banks. As banks are well-regulated, any  entity (a digital bank, in this case) that they partner with falls under their purview. 

Some regulatory bodies can only license your product if you have a working prototype or proof a business model, while others just give you a license before you start creating anything. To avoid any issues, work with an expert consultant in the banking technology sector for guidance.

US agencies involved in the licensing and monitoring process for digital banks include the Federal Reserve Board of Governors and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

Build a digital bank on top of SDK.finance solution

Developing digital banking software from scratch can be a challenging task, as it can take 1-2 years and significant financial resources. You are also responsible for server infrastructure and security measures, and need to find an experienced development team capable of handling a complex fintech project.

The SDK.finance payment platform serves as a powerful foundation for building a digital bank, e-wallet or payment acceptance product. It is a stable and reliable engine for your banking services that can be easily extended via integrations with virtually no limitations. With our pre-developed fintech system, you can launch your payment product and increase your revenue by offering digital banking services faster.

Set up the infrastructure and services

To establish a foundation for your digital bank, it’s important to configure the environments, including development, pre-production, and production, in a way that promotes smooth and efficient development. Additionally, you’ll need to set up services that can assist with deployment, monitoring, and maintenance tasks. This step will ensure that your platform is well-prepared to operate effectively.

Set up production environments 

The infrastructure of SDK.finance comprises three servers: a developers instance, which is used for software development and testing; a production instance, which is responsible for live operation with real end-users and transactions; and a pre-production or Sandbox instance, which has the same specifications as the production server and is utilized for debugging third-party component integrations.

Requirements of the instance for production and test environments:

CPU – 1

RAM – 2 GB

SSD – 40 GB

OS: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

Software: NGINX 1.14.0

System configuration

Optimizing the performance and security of a digital bank platform requires undertaking several essential tasks, such as establishing roles, configuring commissions, creating wallets and currencies, setting up contracts, determining exchange rates, and granting permissions. Properly executing these tasks can ensure the smooth and efficient functioning of the digital banks systems.

To begin setting up the SDK.finance payment software, you need to authenticate as an administrator via the API. After successful authentication, the API will provide a token along with other user parameters in the response. This token is crucial for accessing other APIs, and you can choose to save additional parameters if needed.

System management

System management enables you to establish specific standards and regulations for user behavior and determine the primary services and functions accessible to customers, including individuals and merchants.

There are the various use cases within the system management:

Contracts management comprises the creation of custom contracts, the inclusion of commission regulations, editing of system settings, and enabling provider commissions for digital banks.

Payment gateway management involves configuring exchange rates and managing currency.

Reports and analytics provide an opportunity to generate transaction-based reports that can be downloaded for further analysis.

Check out our knowledge base to find more information about system management. 

User management

User management consists of 4 main stages: user profile management, user registration and revision and KYC management.

User profile management includes registration, either by email or phone number, and the option to deactivate a profile. The administrator can also update profile and business information and manage security settings within the core banking systems.

KYC management enables basic compliance processes, such as document uploads, document and user verification, and requesting user actions to complete the compliance procedure.

Watch SDK.finance Platform’s demo video to explore how to manage your users, ensure KYC compliance, and prevent fraud with the robust system back office:

For more advanced KYC and AML functionality, we suggest integrating with specialised third-party providers.

Explore our knowledge base to get more details about this step in the digital banking platform development process.

Payments and transactions

This step includes funds transfer, bill payment, recurring payments setting up, currency exchange, invoicing, and merchant payment services.

Bill payments

The system provides the possibility for users to make payments for utility bills, mobile top-ups, and other services with their digital bank account.

These functionality can be used through the integration with any relevant payment provider. 

Using SDK APIs, accounting can be decoupled by customers’ virtual accounts.To allow certain payments the operation should be added to the contract.

Recurring payments 

Recurring in-system payments can be implemented utilizing the subscriptions features for banking software.

Subscriptions enable individuals or businesses to make regular payments for a service or product. SDK.finance provides pre-implemented functionality to cover the subscriptions flow, which has different settings, such as the payment period, number of payments, and subscription end date for digital banks.

Subscriptions can have various statuses:

• active
• stopped
• processed
• canceled

The expiration type of a subscription determines how it will end, either by a certain date, a certain number of payments, or with no limitations on its duration.

Read our knowledge base to find out more about payments and transactions. 

Invoicing

Payment systems built on top of SDK.finance allow users to create, send, and manage invoices electronically, making the process more streamlined and efficient.

Merchants can effortlessly create and monitor invoices, streamline payment reminders, and handle customer payments. This simplifies financial operations, minimizes errors and administrative tasks, and enhances customer contentment by offering a smooth and seamless payment process for a digital banking platform.

Our current set of use cases for banking software related to invoicing includes:

• issue of invoice
• view/search and filter the list of issued invoices
• invoice templates 
• payment of invoices

Check out our knowledge base to  dive into invoice issuing flow. 

Third-party integrations

The integration type required is dependent upon the specific operational needs of the digital bank and the payment business model.

Various categories of third-party service providers exist, including:

You can also customize charges and restrictions for each provider and authorize or forbid specific functions for a particular user group. For additional details regarding third-party integrations, read our knowledge base.

How much does it cost to start a digital bank?

The cost of building an online banking system varies according to your chosen route. If you want to buy a ready-made solution for a vendor, you will not pay as much as someone building the entire architecture from scratch.

If you have a large team of experts available to you, then you can build your core banking solution from scratch. In this case, you’ll have to spend around 500 000 USD to 1 million USD to buy APIs, pay your staff, apply for licenses, and pay server fees.

But if you buy an off-the-shelf banking solution, you won’t have to pay all these administrative wages and service fees. Instead, you can ask for custom adjustments to get a bespoke solution that meets your initial requirements.

This ready-made solution will cost you around 250 000 USD to 500 000 USD to purchase and integrate into your banking ecosystem.

With SDK.finance white label digital banking software  you can save time and money, without starting from scratch. Our system is available both as a cloud-hosted version and an on-premise one. You can start with affordable cloud-based software by subscription or get a full control, using a source code license

We believe that this is an ultimate approach to save quite a load of time and resources for software development. You get a fully functional piece of core bank software that can be extended and customized according to your business requirements by your own in-house team. Being built by our team of seasoned experts in fintech software development with 15+ years of experience (and quite a lot of mistakes along the way that we learned from), the resulting product is reliable, secure and future-proof (and continuously improved). 

Conclusion

Building a digital bank requires proper planning, execution, and attention to the minutest details. But first, you need to develop a concept, find the right audience, obtain the required licences, and get funding. You also need to choose the technology stack and monetization models to make the app profitable. And above all, you need to create a product development plan for your internal or external team of developers. 

Now that you know what it will cost to build a digital bank, start working on a budget and funding source right away.

References

• How to Start a Neobank [Detailed Estimate] | Code&Care 
• Digital Banking in the Middle East and Asia – Codebase Technologies 
• 3 Steps to Start a Neobank
• How to build a digital bank 
• https://skaleet.com/en/blog/9-steps-to-creating-a-digital-bank-from-scratch/ 
• How To Build A Digital bank | The Startup 
• Starting a Digital Bank – What Does it Take? 
• How to build a digital bank